Imam Hasan ibn Ali (رضي الله عنه) was born in the city of Medina on the 15th of Ramadan in 3 AH (625 CE). He was the eldest grandson of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, born to Ali ibn Abi Talib (RA) and Fatimah az-Zahra (RA), the beloved daughter of the Prophet ﷺ.
From the very moment of his birth, the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ expressed profound love for him. He named him Hasan—a name that had not been used among the Arabs prior to Islam—and carried out the Sunnah of Tahnik, gently placing a chewed date into his mouth as a blessing.
Being part of the Ahl al-Bayt, Imam Hasan (RA) grew up in an environment of divine guidance, surrounded by the most righteous individuals of the time.
Prophetic Praise and Hadith about Imam Hasan (RA)
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ not only loved Hasan (RA) dearly but also praised his character, status, and future role. Some of the most notable hadith include:
Hasan and Hussain are the foremost among the youth of Paradise -(Sunan al-Tirmidhi, 3768 – Sahih)
O Allah, I love him—so bestow Your love upon him and upon those who hold love for him. -(Sahih al-Bukhari, 3746)
This last prophecy would prove true later in Hasan’s life, marking his legacy with wisdom and peace.This son of mine is a Sayyid (noble leader), and it may be that Allah will bring peace between two major groups of Muslims through him. - (Sahih al-Bukhari, 2704)
Character and Appearance
Imam Hasan (RA) was known for his exceptional character, generosity, and deep humility. He reflected the Prophet ﷺ not just in physical features, but also in character and behavior. Narrations describe his face as radiant, his demeanor noble and composed, and his speech gentle yet impactful.
He was also known for his charity: it is reported that he gave away half of his wealth multiple times in his life and even donated everything he owned on more than one occasion. He performed Hajj on foot more than 20 times, demonstrating deep devotion and humility.
Leadership After Imam Ali (RA)
After the martyrdom of his father, Ali ibn Abi Talib (RA) in 40 AH (661 CE), Imam Hasan (RA) was declared Khalifah (Caliph) by the people of Kufa. However, the Muslim Ummah was in a state of great division—two major factions had formed: one under Hasan (RA) in Iraq, and another under Mu'awiyah ibn Abi Sufyan (RA) in Syria.
Though he had the right to leadership, Imam Hasan (RA) chose to step down and reconcile with Mu'awiyah (RA) to prevent further bloodshed among Muslims, fulfilling the prophecy of the Prophet ﷺ. This pivotal moment, known as the Treaty of Hasan, marked the end of civil war and brought temporary unity to the Ummah. This act earned him the title “Sayyid,” the noble peacemaker.
Later Years and Martyrdom
After relinquishing the caliphate, Imam Hasan (RA) withdrew from political affairs and devoted the rest of his life to worship and the pursuit of knowledge in Medina. Although he distanced himself from governance, he continued to hold a position of great respect and influence among the Companions and the generation of Tabi‘in.
Tragically, Imam Hasan (RA) was poisoned in the year 50 AH (670 CE), with numerous historical accounts indicating that the act was the result of political conspiracy. He passed away at the age of 47 and was laid to rest in Jannatul Baqi in Medina.
Legacy and Spiritual Status
Imam Hasan (RA) is remembered for his wisdom, patience, and sacrifice for unity. He chose peace over power, valuing the well-being of the Ummah over political authority.
His life stands as a testament to the true essence of Islamic leadership—rooted in humility, righteousness, and concern for the greater good. He is honored by all Muslims as a rightly guided, noble, and beloved figure in Islamic history.
Reflection
The life of Imam Hasan (RA) teaches us that true leadership is not about dominance, but about service and sacrifice. His legacy continues to inspire millions across generations to value justice, unity, and moral courage.